The word translated in the NKJV, NASB, NRSV and other Bibles as "Hades" in verse 23 and "Hell" in the KJV and NIV translations comes from the Greek word hades (Strong's Concordance #G86). We now come to the verse that, because of an erroneous translation of one word, has led countless people who study the Bible to believe in a fiery Hell where sinners suffer forever. The beggar is allowed entrance into God's kingdom (but it doesn't state when this occurs). Likewise Lazarus is carried into a close relationship with Abraham (who represents faith in God and salvation). One of the definitions of "bosom" at says the word represents something intimate or close, like a relationship. The verse says the beggar is carried to "Abraham's bosom." But what does this phrase mean? It also does not say the rich man, immediately upon death, was tossed into some eternal Hell. Now note what verse 22 does NOT say! It does NOT state that the beggar went to heaven. Lazarus is "helped by God" to Abraham while the well-off man is still buried and lies in his grave. In time both the beggar and the wealthy man die. And the rich man also died and was buried (verse 22). Now it came to pass that the poor man died, and he was carried away by the angels into Abraham's bosom. He, however, is so callused regarding the human condition that he won't even let the beggar eat his trash! In stark contrast we have a rich man (symbolic of the Pharisees) whose house Lazarus is placed in front of. Lazarus, because of the depth of his plight, was willing to eat food trash since the wealthy person of the parable would not help him AT ALL. Note that Lazarus was in so desperate a need that he desired to eat (but did NOT get) the food scraps that fell on the floor (Luke 16:21). ![]() He is portrayed as having no one that could or would help him - he was entirely on his own and had nothing. This beggar was what we today would call a street person who had become terminally ill. The irony here is that those who truly believed they served and represented God would not help someone "whom God helps." They disdained someone whom God accepted. They also despised others, especially sinners and tax collectors (see Luke 18:9 - 14). The Pharisees prided themselves on their righteousness through strict obedience to their interpretation of God's law. ![]() Why did Christ refer to this poor beggar as Lazarus? The meaning of his name is "assistance of God" or "whom God helps."
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![]() The infamous 2019 Varsity Blues college-admissions scandal revealed that wealthy parents will do whatever it takes to ensure their children are admitted to elite colleges.ĭozens of prominent parents - including the actress Lori Loughlin and her fashion designer husband, Mossimo Giannulli, as well as actress Felicity Huffman - took part in admissions counselor Rick Singer's criminal scheme to game the admissions system so that their kids could attend the University of Southern California, Yale, Georgetown, Stanford, UCLA, and other elite institutions.īut Americans weren't the only targets - indeed, wealthy Chinese families were some of Singer's most lucrative clients involved in the scandal. The superintendent of a Southern California school district that worked with the Chinese school publicly proclaimed that UC Riverside guaranteed admission to all of its graduates, according to the minutes of a public-school board meeting.At UC Riverside, the ties were even closer: The university pledged to work with the school's students to help them become competitive applicants and offered them special permission to submit applications even after the deadline had passed. ![]() UC Irvine offered summer school programs specially arranged for students at the private academy in Qingdao, China, dispatched admissions staffers to its campus to talk to students and their parents, and reported on the students' progress through the admissions cycle.An Insider investigation has found that California's highest-ranking education official and leading public universities worked closely with a swaggering entrepreneur to give special accommodations to students at a private high school for elite families in China.is around 130 square feet, and UC Irvine likely has dorms bigger and smaller than this.Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders. Supposedly the average dorm room size in the U.S. This information is usually contained in one of the dorm room tours of UC Irvine on CampusReel. The UC Irvine dorms dimension depend on the residence hall. What are the dimensions of UC Irvine dorm rooms? Claire Trevor School of the Arts Dorm at UC Irvine.Middle Earth - Quenya Hall Dorm at UC Irvine.Berkeley & Columbia Court Apartment Homes Dorm at UC Irvine.Classroom and Office Building (UCI-COB) Dorm at UC Irvine.UCI Libraries Gateway Study Center Dorm at UC Irvine.The Paul Merage School of Business Dorm at UC Irvine.Robert Cohen Theater & Dance Studios Dorm at UC Irvine.University of California Irvine Dorm at UC Irvine.Anteater Recreation Center Dorm at UC Irvine.Anteater Learning Pavilion (ALP) Dorm at UC Irvine.Edwards University Town Center 6 Dorm at UC Irvine.Ayala Science Library Dorm at UC Irvine.Campus-University Center Dorm at UC Irvine.UCI Student Center & Event Services Dorm at UC Irvine.As you’ll see, every dorm room is decorated in a unique and fun way - students are creative with their setups to make UC Irvine feel like home! CampusReel hosts dorm tours of UC Irvine, and every one is different. Floor plans vary from residence hall to residence hall. Most on-campus residence halls include singles, double, and suites. However, UC Irvine dorms are similar to most college housing options. You’ll have to watch the CampusReel videos to see for sure. Special Houses for International Students The below table outlines the different housing options available at UCI, and how what percent of students are estimated to live in each type of university housing. According to our research, 82.0% of freshman live on campus at UCI? ![]() yellow dragon – royalty and emperor’s family.blue and green dragon – nature, health, healing, peace, and growth,.Different colors of dragon represent different things. ![]() There are dragons of different colors in Chinese culture, too. In the Chinese geomancy of Feng Shui, dragons symbolize fortune and good luck. ![]() and the Spiritual Dragon ( Shenlong), who controls the rain and winds.the Earth Dragon ( Dilong), who controls the waterways.the Dragon of Hidden Treasure ( Fuzanglong).the Celestial Dragon ( Tianlong), who guards the heavenly dwellings of the gods.So people think that drought is the result of dragons’ laziness.įrom ancient times it was the emblem of the imperial family, and until the founding of the republic (1911) the dragon adorned the Chinese flag.Īncient Chinese cosmogonists defined four types of dragons: This is why there is the belief that dragons can bring rain. The Chinese dragon has been considered a rain divinity since it’s introduction to the mythology. In Chinese lore, the dragon is a type of majestic beast that dwells in rivers, lakes, and oceans and roams the skies and is considered the highest-ranked mythical animal. Indeed, they are seen as powerful and fearsome in the East, too, however it is at the same time they are thought to be just, benevolent, and the bringers of wealth and good fortune.ĭragon’s close association with water will also explain why it’s used as a talisman against fires.Īccording to Britannica, the Chinese dragon, lung, represents yang, the principle of heaven, activity, and maleness in the yinyang of Chinese cosmology. Heavily contrasted to the Western mythology, Asian dragons are almost never depicted as violent, malevolent or dangerous. In much of the far East, dragon and phoenix symbolism is associated closely with the imperial family - the emperor being represented by the dragon and the empress on the other hand by the phoenix. Japanese people are known to use the dragon as a symbol of balance, superior wisdom and supernatural powers.Īccording to their legends, the mortal enemy of the dragon is the Phoenix, for the two represent both conflict and wedded bliss. Protector of the Buddha and Buddhist Law.The dragon or ryū or tatsu came to Japan with much of the rest of Chinese culture.īoth Chinese and Japanese dragons, though regarded as powers of the air, are usually wingless.Īs per the portal Traditional Kyoto, they are among the deified forces of nature in Daoism, and frequently connected to being the symbol of: Golden dragons are also a part of the koi fish legend, of one koi being rewarded by the gods for managing to swim upstream in waterfall. There were also Longships used by Norse men called “dragonships” by enemies such as the English because they had a bow on the front of the ship in the shape of a dragon. ![]() You’ll feel magical protection and fueled self-confidence to win anything in life. Protection – Many believe that whenever you’re going to face your adversaries, it’s always best to summon dragon spirit animals and have their guidance and blessing by your side.These look like a large-serpent and have two huge wings to soar high in the sky. Magic – Dragons are fire-breathing mystical beings in the legends and folklores of the Western world.Other common meanings that can be generally associated with dragons are: Many times, dragons are shown as destructive monsters in different lores and mythologies. In legends and folk tales, it is said that itįlew through thoughts, traveled between worlds, was born when the universe was created, and the red-colored ones slept in the center of the earth. In short, the Dragon spirit animal meanings are: strength, power, agility, courage, and wisdom. Which doesn’t help at trying to narrow down one true meaning of the dragon. The Dragon appears in almost every culture around the world with different depictions. There might not be any other mythical animal as powerful as a dragon. The animals that are considered to be mixed in a dragon are serpents, crocodiles, lions and birds. This large powerful being combines different elements from different animals, all adding to its aggressive and dangerous inherent nature. Dragon is a mythological creature, living in the fantasy of the man since the dawn of time. However, Word does not allow any changes to the formats. No subscription is required to use the predefined Word templates. Option:2 – Using Word to Create Invoice Format You can also delete any unnecessary fields.You can also add the company logo, name and address to the invoice.Every time you want to create an invoice, you need to repeat the same process.You can take printouts or share them online with your customers. Choose one, download it to your PC, fill in the required information, and save it.Here is a detailed guide about the invoice format in word, how to create it on your own, and how myBillBook helps in generating custom invoices in seconds. Anyone with a basic word using knowledge can use the software to create an invoice template of choice. Invoice format in Word is best suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises as it is an affordable and easy to use tool. ![]() Using the free templates provided by the invoicing software, businesses can create customised invoices. MS Word is an intuitive and easy to use tool to create invoice formats of your choice. Invoice formats in Word, Excel and PDF are some of the commonly used invoice formats by most businesses. After the new GST regime mandating the issuance of invoices on most transactions, having a valid invoice format is a must for every business. The invoices document the details of every transaction and make tax filing easy for companies. Share the invoice with your client through email, mail, or any other agreed-upon method.Generating invoices, commonly called bills, is part and parcel of businesses’ everyday operations. Save the completed invoice in the desired format, such as PDF, Word document, or Excel file. Pay close attention to the invoice number, amounts, and client details. State additional information, such as project details or specific terms and conditions, and include them in a designated section on the invoice.ĭouble-check all the information you’ve entered to ensure accuracy. State additional charges, such as shipping fees or discounts, include them in separate rows, and adjust the totals accordingly.
and Manitoba, and all of Alberta and Saskatchewan. “I was pounding a nail through a board yesterday and it didn’t break the banana, so it’s the banana hammer.”Įnvironment Canada said Friday that cold or arctic outflow warnings remain active across parts of Yukon and the Northwest Territories, much of B.C. “I got some bananas and I put them outside in the frigid temperatures for two or three hours and they froze solid,” he said. Kyle Brittain, a Calgary-based freelance journalist specializing in extreme weather, said temperatures were so cold that he was able to hammer a nail through a board using a banana.Ĭrews clear snow from the sidewalk along Jasper Avenue in Edmonton Thursday Jan. “I have a full balaclava, microfleece - the one I am wearing is good to -25 - and then a full face helmet, goggles and we always travel in pairs,” Graham said. “It burns your face, whatever exposed skin you have,” he said of the cold snap, adding he has kept his trips outdoors short despite being properly dressed. Tom Graham, a self-described weather junkie in Kananaskis, Alta., said he left his house to go to work around 8 a.m. SkyTrain service on two lines through Metro Vancouver were delayed by the weather on Friday. ![]() “Inadequate tires were noted on some of the vehicles,” the ministry said in a statement. Photo by Gavin Young/Postmediaī.C.’s Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure said the province was “well prepared” for the snow, but there were still a number of incidents on Thursday. Steam rises from the Bow River and downtown buildings in Calgary on Friday, January 12, 2024. “Salt and brine assist with improving the condition on major routes ahead of snow accumulation but can’t entirely mitigate the challenging winter road conditions,” Sidwell said. Social media was filled with scenes of ice-sheened roads, stalled buses, sliding vehicles and traffic gridlock, both in the City of Vancouver and in surrounding communities.Ī statement from Amy Sidwell, Vancouver’s manager of street operations, said crews had been salting and brining major routes “for multiple days” prior to Thursday’s snowfall but cannot compensate for the rapid temperature drop that created black ice on streets. 12 at -14.4 C, beating the old mark of -11.7 C set in 1950.Īcross the Vancouver region, three centimetres of snow caused havoc as it froze solid on unprepared roads Thursday before the evening commute. The blast of winter also struck Metro Vancouver, where White Rock recorded its lowest temperature for Jan. “It is unlikely the skiers would have survived the night,” said the North Shore Rescue post. North Shore Rescue said on social media that a helicopter was used to hoist out the pair who were hypothermic with frozen feet. People watch as a driver tries to go down an icy hill in Vancouver on Friday, Jan. Rescue crews said two skiers were saved from likely death after they became lost in the Fitzsimmons Creek area near the Whistler ski resort late Thursday as wind chill values dipped to around -50. “Extreme cold temperatures in Alberta in particular are heavily impacting flights from Calgary and Edmonton.” In Calgary, the deep freeze resulted in flight delays and cancellations at the airport, while a power outage on the city’s light rail transit in the downtown core left commuters standing in the cold.Īdriana Unger with the Vancouver Airport Authority said they were seeing continued delays and cancellations on arriving flights as severe winter weather impacts Canada and the United States. ![]() In Edmonton, Alberta Health Services said freezing temperatures caused an “air handling system issue” that has disrupted heating at the Royal Alexandra Hospital’s emergency department, causing patients to be diverted to other hospitals for a time. The High Level Bridge disappears into a heavy ice fog, in Edmonton on Jan. ![]() Ministry of Transportation DriveBC service said a multi-vehicle crash of about two dozen vehicles stopped commuter traffic on Thursday on Highway 91 in Richmond, south of Vancouver. ![]() “For the next couple of days, we’re seeing those temperatures in and around the -30 mark approaching -40, with wind chills well below.”įreezing weather and wintry road conditions have triggered a number of crashes in Alberta and British Columbia, as temperatures fell to -36 C in Calgary and -13 C with -24 wind chill in Vancouver on Friday. ![]() In the “Design” tab, you’ll see a section where you can adjust margins.Ĭan I include a custom message on an invoice?.Choose the invoice template you want to change and click the pencil icon (Edit).Click the gear icon (Settings) at the top right and select “Custom Form Styles”.Yes, you can adjust the margins on a QuickBooks invoice. Use the “Design” tab to make customizations.Ĭan I change the margins on a QuickBooks invoice?.Under your “Settings” (gear icon), click “Custom Form Styles”.Here’s how to customize invoice template in QuickBooks Online: Try for free QuickBooks invoice template FAQs How do I customize invoices in QuickBooks Online? Overall, learning how to customize invoice template in QuickBooks Online is a good idea for any business looking to get paid on time. Information on any discounts and deposits.Option to reorder and show/hide fields.Account summary (including previous balances).Transaction number (option to turn off).Form name (option to turn off or rename).Here’s what you can customize in each: Header: Select any of these sections to edit them. Select the “Content” tab to update what information you want to include on your invoice forms. Make sure to click “Save” when you’re finished! Personalize the invoice fields Here, QuickBooks Online provides various font options for different invoice sections, such as headers, body text, and labels.Īs you adjust these elements, you can see a real-time preview on the right side of the page, showing you changes as you make them. On the other hand, you can adjust fonts in the “Change fonts” section. If you want to use specific brand colors, you can input hex codes (i.e., white = #FFFFFF) to ensure an exact match. The latter presents a color palette for you to choose from. The colors on your invoice change automatically based on the colors of your logo, but you can override that with the “Change up the template” or “Change colors” options. Incorporate your business colors and font Should have equal dimensions (meaning a square file size).Note that to fit within QuickBooks’ specifications, your logo: Just click “add a logo” and select the box with the “+” symbol to upload your company’s logo. You can add yours in the “Company” tab in “Account and Settings” or when customizing in the “Design” tab. ![]() ![]() Try for free Add your logo and branding assetsĮvery good invoice needs a logo. Watch the step-by-step tutorial on how to customize invoice template in QuickBooks Online. How to customize an invoice template in QuickBooks: Step-by-step video tutorialĬustomizing your invoices in QuickBooks is easy and improves your bottom line, making it a no-brainer. A well-organized, customized invoice prevents unnecessary setbacks, speeding up your payment process.
![]() This would be compatible with both 32 bit and 64 bit windows. ![]() This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual. WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual Free DownloadĬlick on below button to start WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual Free Download. Hard Disk Space: 1 GB of free space required.Memory (RAM): 512 MB of RAM is required.Operating System: Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10.System Requirements For WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingualīefore you start WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual free download, make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements. Latest Version Release Added On: 10th Nov 2019.Compatibility Architecture: 32 Bit (x86) / 64 Bit (圆4).Setup Type: Offline Installer / Full Standalone Setup.Setup File Name: WPS_Office_2019_v11._Multilingual.zip.Software Full Name: WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual.WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual Technical Setup Details There are a lot of templates for the spreadsheets.Your email address will not be published. You can add music and images in your slides. Free Download KMSOffline 2.3.6 - Offline Installer - Activate Windows and MS Office with just 1 click.You can also download Office 365 Pro Plus.įeatures of WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingualīelow are some noticeable features which you’ll experience after WPS Office 2016 Premium Multilingual free download. ![]() Similarly the Kingsoft Spreadsheets have all those features which should be present in good Spreadsheet software. You can add images and background music in the slides. The Presenter aims to create slideshows with unlimited slides and animations. The Writer has all the necessary tools which you need during writing a document. Kingsoft Office Suite comes packed with lots of useful features and you can get countless options and tools. It is the complete and tested release of MS Office 2021 Pro Plus for Windows 11. But all of these applications have a common UI and have a clear cut interface. Click on the below download button to get the complete version of the Office 2021 Pro Plus for Windows 32-bit and 64-bit. Each one of this tool has a specific purpose and it has number of different functions in it. It has straightforward three tools for you which are named as Kingsoft Writer, Kingsoft Presentation and Kingsoft Spreadsheets. You can also download Office 2016 Professional Plus. It is visually very attractive and you can use it for a wide array of tasks which are related to creation, display and editing of text documents, data tables and slideshows. WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual is considered as a comprehensive office suite which provides all the necessary office related tasks very easily. WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual Overview It is full offline installer standalone setup of WPS Office 2019 v11. Go to the 'Utilities' tab and do the conversion 'Office RETAIL > VL'. Install Office by clicking the 'Install Office' button. Uninstall Office 2016 using the 'Force Remove Office' and restart your computer. Operating system: 8.WPS Office 2019 Premium Multilingual Free Download. Uninstall Office 2016 via (Control panel) applet 'Add or Remove Program.'.To use hardware graphics acceleration, you need a graphics card that supports DirectX10. 2 GB of RAM is recommended for graphics, Outlook Instant Search, and some advanced features.x86 or 圆4 processor with a clock speed of 1 GHz and support for the SSE2 instruction set.Microsoft Office 2016-2019-2021 Professional Plus.Microsoft Office 2016-2019-2021 Edition includes This tool allows an easy and comfortable way to download genuine Windows 7, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 disk images (ISO) directly from Microsofts servers, as well as Office 2013, Office 2016, Office 2019, and Office for Mac. Free download Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2016-2019-2021 full version offline installer for Windows PC with direct download and Torrent Magnet link. Supported Office Versions (updated) All Pages. ![]() If you’re content with sticking with the same ol’ thing, well, you won’t have to pay. The game’s freemium model requires you to purchase new scenes. Among names like Angela White and Maddy May, you will find explicit adventures among the naughtiest beauties to spur your delight. Whether it’s a feisty threesome or intimate encounters with world-renowned adult film stars, DezyRed’s VR sex simulator has you covered all the way. To experience that full-immersive reality, you get both 180° and 360° views while controlling every aspect of the action and bossing your own fantasy experience. įill up on the stunning gameplay environment created by FMV technology instead of relying on 3D animation that can still have a minimalistic and sometimes unrealistic effect. Shout out to the developers who made it easily accessible, allowing you to create an account, and start playing for free. Simply press “Num Lock” to switch between leap motion camera and VR.DezyRed is a game changer in the interactive VR porn games scene, boasting the first 8k gaming visuals. To enable AR mode you must activate the HTC camera from Steam VR settings, also you should set camera refresh rate from 60hz to 30hz if you are experiencing bandwitdh issues. To use the “Cardboard” as a main display please follow the tutorial on description or here: Leap motion is supported just select “Mounted mode” or disable it if you dont have it. Make sure you select Oculus Rift or Steam VR (if you have HTC VIVE) in the launcher windows options Grip Button Move offset pos on selected bone Menu button Open menu, Cancel, Clear all fluid J for change rendering ( MMD cartoonish or physic based for realism )Įsc for instantly shut down the game. P for pause the motion actually played, this will stop the whole scene, good for screenshot. O for change “move” option ( remember to be back to “move camera” for the base) Y for turn ON/OFF the physics of outfit/hair ( save shit tons of pc power, but wont look amazing) V for reset physic ( in case some hair get stuck in body) The Load field setting lets you change the background scene.The physic setting lets you choose from multiple physics frameworks.The motion syn character setting allows you to synchronize characters movements.The character reduction setting makes things smaller.The character enlargement setting makes things bigger.Once selected, it will show the list of all the stuff you can actually do. The change active character setting is the option that will allow you to select the character you want to modify.Note: All the Japanese symbol stuff is for the face of the char, such as lips, eyes etc. The select morph setting lets you change the characters’ outfit and bodygroup, it also lets you turn off completely if you want.It allows for more detailed control over how the character is animated. The bone select setting is for more advanced users.For example, you can assign automatic eye contact and skirt lifting. The interaction setting allows you to direct how the character behaves.The best way to learn is to dive in and have fun tinkering around but here’s a basic overview to get you started with the character settings: There are a lot of customization options in the game. Audio tracks not working – uninstall K-Lite Code Pack. ![]()
![]() Air and Transportation Cost: List the amount of any travel-related expenses.Description: Briefly describe the expense.Date: List the date the expense was paid.Fill in Expenditure Information: For each reimbursable expenditure, provide relevant details for each of the following categories:.Pay Period: Select a date range for the expenses.Statement Number: Assign a statement number to the report.Purpose: Provide the purpose of the expenses.Department: Identify the department issuing the reimbursement.Manager: Enter the name of the approving manager.Employee ID: Enter that employee’s unique ID number.Employee Name: Enter the name of the person requesting reimbursement.Fill in Identifying Information: Fill in the following fields so that anyone can identify the report at a glance:.Open the Document: Open your expense report template in Excel.Once you have selected and downloaded your template, follow these steps to create your expense report: Next, save a copy of the template using your organization’s file naming conventions. To get started with your claim for reimbursement for your travel or other business expenses, download an Excel expense report from this page. Select an Excel expense report template from this page, and plug in your expenses for timely reimbursement from your employer. The most effective way to create an expense report in Excel is to use a preexisting expense report template. ![]() ![]() Getting started with the Smartsheet API.ENGAGE Smartsheet ENGAGE brings together our global customers, experts, and partners to share their experiences, ideas, and best practices.Smartsheet events Your hub for Smartsheet events, webinars, Q&As, and user groups.Partners Learn about the Smartsheet partner program and access our partner directory.Community Explore user-generated content and stay updated on our latest product features.Help and Learning A comprehensive knowledge base, including articles, tutorials, videos, and other resources that cover a range of topics related to using Smartsheet.Content Center Articles and guides about project management, collaboration, automation, and other topics to help you make the most of the Smartsheet platform. ![]() Vietnamese is heavily influenced by its location in the Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area, with the result that it has acquired or converged toward characteristics such as isolating morphology and phonemically distinctive tones, through processes of tonogenesis. In the distant past, Vietnamese shared more characteristics common to other languages in South East Asia and with the Austroasiatic family, such as an inflectional morphology and a richer set of consonant clusters, which have subsequently disappeared from the language under Chinese influence. The inscription was carved on a stone stele, in combined chữ Hán (Chinese characters used in the Vietnamese traditional writing system) and an archaic form of the chữ Nôm (writing system for vernacular Vietnamese language using Chinese characters). ![]() The language was first recorded in the Tháp Miếu Temple Inscription, dating from early 13th century AD. Vietnamese belongs to the Northern (Viet–Muong) clusters of the Vietic branch, spoken by the Vietic peoples, originating from Northern Vietnam. But ultimately Vietnamese is descended from Proto-Viet-Muong. This in turn, had an ad stratum effect where Proto-Viet-Muong borrowed a large amount of words from Annamese Middle Chinese forming an Old-Sino-Vietnamese substrate. This hybridisation occurred due to a population of supposed Annamese Middle Chinese speakers living in the Red River Delta shifting from speaking Middle Chinese to speaking Proto-Viet–Muong. It is theorised that Vietnamese was descended from a proto-Austroasiatic language and was later hybridised by Middle Chinese. It has been proposed that Vietnamese is possibly a hybrid language which differs from a creole language. The term " Vietic" is used, among others, by Gérard Diffloth, with a slightly different proposal on subclassification, within which the term "Viet–Muong" refers to a lower subgrouping (within an eastern Vietic branch) consisting of Vietnamese dialects, Mường dialects, and Nguồn (of Quảng Bình Province). The term "Vietic" was proposed by Hayes (1992), who proposed to redefine Viet–Muong as referring to a subbranch of Vietic containing only Vietnamese and Mường. Later, Mường was found to be more closely related to Vietnamese than other Mon–Khmer languages, and a Viet–Muong subgrouping was established, also including Thavung, Chut, Cuoi, etc. Vietnamese is shown as Annamese.Įarly linguistic work some 150 years ago ( Logan 1852 and Schmidt 1905) classified Vietnamese as belonging to the Mon–Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family (which also includes the Khmer language spoken in Cambodia, as well as various smaller and/or regional languages, such as the Munda and Khasi languages spoken in eastern India, and others in Laos, southern China and parts of Thailand). Classification A 1906 analysis map of Austroasiatic languages (previously known as Mon-Annam languages) by British linguists Walter William Skeat and Charles Otto Blagden. Vietnamese was historically written using chữ Nôm, a logographic script using Chinese characters ( chữ Hán) to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, together with many locally invented characters to represent other words. It uses digraphs and diacritics to mark tones and some phonemes. The alphabet is based on the Latin script and was officially adopted in the early 20th century during French rule of Vietnam. Vietnamese is written using the Vietnamese alphabet ( chữ Quốc ngữ). Its vocabulary has had significant influence from Middle Chinese and some loanwords from French. It has head-initial directionality, with subject–verb–object order and modifiers following the words they modify. ![]() Like many languages in Southeast Asia and East Asia, Vietnamese is highly analytic and is tonal. ![]() It is split into three main dialects, Northern ( Hanoi), Central ( Hue), and Southern ( Ho Chi Minh City). It is the native language of the Vietnamese (Kinh) people, as well as a second or first language for other ethnic groups in Vietnam. Several times as many as the rest of the Austroasiatic family combined. Vietnamese is spoken natively by around 85 million people, Vietnamese (Vietnamese: tiếng Việt) is an Austroasiatic language spoken primarily in Vietnam where it is the national and official language. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This article contains special characters. |
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